Combined Reconstruction of the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament and Medial Quadriceps Tendon-Femoral Ligament.

Most patellar dislocations are associated with disruption of the proximal medial patellar restraints (PMPRs). The PMPRs comprise the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) and medial quadriceps tendon-femoral ligament (MQTFL). Although isolated MPFL reconstruction is the most frequently performed procedure for the surgical management of recurrent dislocation, recent studies have shown that the MQTFL has a synergistic role with the MPFL in resisting lateral patellar displacement close to full extension. It has therefore been suggested that surgical techniques that gain the benefits of both proximal and distal PMPR biomechanical behavior may be best. This article describes an established technique for combined MPFL and MQTFL reconstruction using semitendinosus autograft.

Range of motion predictability after total knee arthroplasty with medial pivot prosthesis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether there the final range of motion (ROM) results achieved by patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with prosthesis using Medial Pivot design are predictable. METHODS: Between January and August of 2014, 155 patients with primary osteoarthritis of knee who underwent TKA using the prosthesis ADVANCE® Medial Pivot were prospectively assessed. All ROM measures were made and recorded before, during, and after surgery. All patients were clinically assessed preoperatively and postoperatively (15, 45 days, three months, six months, one year, and annually thereafter after surgery); their functional status was assessed using the WOMAC questionnaire. RESULTS: Significant differences (p < 0.001) were observed between the means and medians of ROM in the preoperative when compared with those during the perioperative; the perioperative values, when compared with those after six months postoperative, were also different (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found between the means and medians ROM between the intraoperative period and at the 45-day assessment (ns) and between the means and medians ROM between the preoperative period and at the six-month evaluation (ns). CONCLUSION: The final ROM achieved by patients that underwent TKA with medial pivot prosthesis can be predicted. The perioperative ROM correlates with that at 45 days after surgery. The final ROM is correlated with that of the pre-operative period.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar se há previsibilidade da amplitude de movimentos alcançada por pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total do joelho com prótese que usa desenho medial pivot. MÉTODOS: Entre janeiro e agosto de 2014 foi feita avaliação prospectiva de 155 pacientes com osteoartrose primária do joelho submetidos a artroplastia total do joelho com o uso da prótese Advance® Medial Pivot. Todas as medidas da amplitude de movimentos foram feitas antes, durante e após a cirurgia. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados clinicamente no pré- e pós-operatório (15, 45 dias, três meses, seis meses, um ano e depois anualmente após a cirurgia) para a análise de seu estado funcional. O questionário Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (Womac) foi usado. RESULTADOS: Diferenças significativas (p < 0,001) foram relatadas entre as médias e medianas da amplitude de movimentos no pré-operatório em comparação com as medidas obtidas no período intraoperatório. As medidas do pré-operatório também se mostraram diferentes quando comparadas com aquelas após seis meses de pós-operatório (p < 0,001). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as médias e medianas da amplitude de movimento na comparação do intraoperatório e as medidas feitas aos 45 dias (ns) e entre as médias e medianas das medidas pré-operatórias e aquelas observadas aos seis meses (ns). CONCLUSÃO: Há previsibilidade da amplitude de movimentos obtida por pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total do joelho com prótese medial pivot. A amplitude aos 45 dias é semelhante àquela observada nas medidas intraoperatórias. A amplitude final está relacionada à amplitude pré-operatória.

Range of motion predictability after total knee arthroplasty with medial pivot prosthesis / Previsibilidade da amplitude de movimento após artroplastia total do joelho com prótese medial pivot

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To assess whether there the final range of motion (ROM) results achieved by patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with prosthesis using Medial Pivot design are predictable. METHODS: Between January and August of 2014, 155 patients with primary osteoarthritis of knee who underwent TKA using the prosthesis ADVANCE(r) Medial Pivot were prospectively assessed. All ROM measures were made and recorded before, during, and after surgery. All patients were clinically assessed preoperatively and postoperatively (15, 45 days, three months, six months, one year, and annually thereafter after surgery); their functional status was assessed using the WOMAC questionnaire. RESULTS: Significant differences (p < 0.001) were observed between the means and medians of ROM in the preoperative when compared with those during the perioperative; the perioperative values, when compared with those after six months postoperative, were also different (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found between the means and medians ROM between the intraoperative period and at the 45-day assessment (ns) and between the means and medians ROM between the preoperative period and at the six-month evaluation (ns) . CONCLUSION: The final ROM achieved by patients that underwent TKA with medial pivot prosthesis can be predicted. The perioperative ROM correlates with that at 45 days after surgery. The final ROM is correlated with that of the pre-operative period.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Avaliar se há previsibilidade da amplitude de movimentos alcançada por pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total do joelho com prótese que usa desenho medial pivot. MÉTODOS: Entre janeiro e agosto de 2014 foi feita avaliação prospectiva de 155 pacientes com osteoartrose primária do joelho submetidos a artroplastia total do joelho com o uso da prótese Advance(r) Medial Pivot. Todas as medidas da amplitude de movimentos foram feitas antes, durante e após a cirurgia. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados clinicamente no pré- e pós-operatório (15, 45 dias, três meses, seis meses, um ano e depois anualmente após a cirurgia) para a análise de seu estado funcional. O questionário Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (Womac) foi usado. RESULTADOS: Diferenças significativas (p < 0,001) foram relatadas entre as médias e medianas da amplitude de movimentos no pré-operatório em comparação com as medidas obtidas no período intraoperatório. As medidas do pré-operatório também se mostraram diferentes quando comparadas com aquelas após seis meses de pós-operatório (p < 0,001). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as médias e medianas da amplitude de movimento na comparação do intraoperatório e as medidas feitas aos 45 dias (ns) e entre as médias e medianas das medidas pré-operatórias e aquelas observadas aos seis meses (ns). CONCLUSÃO: Há previsibilidade da amplitude de movimentos obtida por pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total do joelho com prótese medial pivot. A amplitude aos 45 dias é semelhante àquela observada nas medidas intraoperatórias. A amplitude final está relacionada à amplitude pré-operatória.

Reducing the length of hospital stay after total knee arthroplasty: influence of femoral and sciatic nerve block.

OBJECTIVE: the aim of this study is to evaluate the change in length of hospital stay postoperatively for Total Knee Arthroplasty after using femoral and sciatic nerve block. MATERIALS AND METHODS: the medical records of 287 patients were evaluated, taking into account the number of hours of admission, the percentage and the reason for re-hospitalization within 30 days, as well as associated complications. All patients were divided into two groups according or not to whether they were admitted to ICU or not. During the years 2009 and 2010, isolated spinal anesthesia was the method used in the procedure. From 2011 on, femoral and sciatic nerve blocking was introduced. RESULTS: between the years 2009 and 2012, the average length of stay ranged from 74 hours in 2009 to 75.2 hours in 2010. The average length of stay in 2011 was 56.52 hours and 53.72 hours in 2012, all in the group of patients who did not remain in the ICU postoperatively. In the same period, among those in the group that needed ICU admission, the average length of stay was 138.7 hours in 2009, 90.25 hours in 2010, 79.8 hours in 2011, and 52.91 hours in 2012. During 2009 and 2010, the rate of re-hospitalization was 0%, while in 2011 and 2012, were 3.44% and 1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: according to this study, the use of femoral and sciatic nerve blocking after total knee arthroplasty allowed significant reduction in hospital stay.

Reducing the length of hospital stay after total knee arthroplasty: influence of femoral and sciatic nerve block / Redução do tempo de internação após artroplastia total do joelho – Influência do bloqueio do nervo femoral e do nervo ciático

Objective: the aim of this study is to evaluate the change in length of hospital stay postoperatively for Total Knee Arthroplasty after using femoral and sciatic nerve block. Materials and methods: the medical records of 287 patients were evaluated, taking into account the number of hours of admission, the percentage and the reason for re-hospitalization within 30 days, as well as associated complications. All patients were divided into two groups according or not to whether they were admitted to ICU or not. During the years 2009 and 2010, isolated spinal anesthesia was the method used in the procedure. From 2011 on, femoral and sciatic nerve blocking was introduced. Results: between the years 2009 and 2012, the average length of stay ranged from 74 hours in 2009 to 75.2 hours in 2010. The average length of stay in 2011 was 56.52 hours and 53.72 hours in 2012, all in the group of patients who did not remain in the ICU postoperatively. In the same period, among those in the group that needed ICU admission, the average length of stay was 138.7 hours in 2009, 90.25 hours in 2010, 79.8 hours in 2011, and 52.91 hours in 2012. During 2009 and 2010, the rate of re-hospitalization was 0%, while in 2011 and 2012, were 3.44% and 1%, respectively. Conclusion: according to this study, the use of femoral and sciatic nerve blocking after total knee arthroplasty allowed significant reduction in hospital stay. .

Objetivo: avaliar a mudança no tempo de permanência hospitalar (PH) no pós-operatório de artroplastia total do joelho (ATJ) após a utilização do bloqueio dos nervos femoral e ciático. Métodos: os prontuários de 287 pacientes foram avaliados, levando-se em consideração o número de horas de internação, o percentual e o motivo de reinternação em 30 dias, bem como as complicações associadas, sendo divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a permanência ou não no centro de terapia intensiva (CTI). Durante os anos de 2009 e 2010, a anestesia utilizada para a realização dos procedimentos foi a raquianestesia isolada. A partir de 2011, o bloqueio dos nervos femoral e ciático foi introduzido. Resultados: no período entre 2009 e 2012, o tempo médio de PH variou entre 74 horas, em 2009, e 75,2 horas, em 2010. A PH média em 2011 foi de 56,52 horas e de 53,72 horas em 2012, no grupo de pacientes que não permaneceram no CTI no pós-operatório. No mesmo período, no grupo que precisou de internação no CTI, a PH média foi de 138,7 horas em 2009; 90,25 horas em 2010; 79,8 horas em 2011 e 52,91 horas em 2012. Em 2009 e 2010, a taxa de reinternação foi de 0%, e em 2011 e 2012, 3,44% e 1%, respectivamente. Conclusão: de acordo com este estudo, a utilização do bloqueio dos nervos femoral e ciático após a ATJ permitiu a redução significativa da PH. .

Physical activity after distal femur osteotomy for the treatment of lateral compartment knee osteoarthritis.

PURPOSE: Distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) is the preferential treatment for the symptomatic osteoarthritis of the lateral compartment of the knee in young active patients. The objective of this study is to evaluate the physical activity and functional outcome of a group of patients presenting with lateral compartment osteoarthritis of the knee prior to and after a DFO for correction of genum valgum. METHODS: Twenty-six patients who had been submitted to complete V-shaped distal femoral osteotomy were evaluated after a mean follow-up period of 48 months by interview and questionnaire. Functional and physical activities were scored according to published rating systems. RESULTS: Twenty-two (84.6 %) patients were very satisfied or satisfied (mean satisfaction 2) with the outcome of surgery and 88.5 % of the patients had normal work duties after surgery without limitation or decline in performance. The preoperative median level for physical activity according to the Tegner activity level was 3(2-7), while the median postoperative level was 3 (1-7) (n.s.) 57.7 % had resumed physical activities at preoperative levels: some patients had increased the number and type of exercises. According to Lysholm score, the mean preoperative score for physical performance was 53.1 ± 16.2 while the mean postoperative score had increased to 77.3 ± 16.7 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Based on this study, distal femoral osteotomy allowed the resumption of physical activities for individuals with symptomatic osteoarthritis of the lateral compartment of the knee, resulting in improvements in clinical conditions and, consequently, in their daily working and recreational activities.

Long-term success in the treatment of diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee with subtotal synovectomy and radiotherapy.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and long-term outcome of the treatment of patients with diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) of the knee with subtotal arthroscopic and open synovectomy and subsequent external-beam radiotherapy. METHODS: Eight patients diagnosed with diffuse PVNS by clinical and magnetic resonance imaging were treated surgically with subtotal arthroscopic synovectomy and an additional posterior incision for extra-articular lesions, followed by local adjuvant radiotherapy. These patients were followed up for a mean of 8.6 years to monitor remaining lesions and to detect new occurrences of the condition. RESULTS: None of the patients presented with major postoperative complications or have had radiotherapeutic late effects. In no case was radiographic arthritis progression detected. Three patients exhibited late minor complications (peripatellar pain, articular effusion, and persistent quadricipital muscle atrophy). Only 1 patient (12.5%) presented with recurrence of the disease during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of our limited study, subtotal arthroscopic and open synovectomy with subsequent local external-beam radiotherapy had a recurrence rate of 12.5% at 8.6 years of follow-up for the treatment of diffuse PVNS of the knee joint. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic case series.

Reconstrução do ligamento patelofemoral medial para tratamento da luxação recidivante da patela / Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction to treat recurrent patellar dislocation

OBJETIVO: Apresentar nova técnica de reconstrução do ligamento patelofemoral medial (LPFM) em pacientes com luxação recidivante da patela e avaliar seus resultados clínicos. MÉTODOS: Entre jan/2007 e jan/2008, 23 pacientes foram submetidos à reconstrução do LPFM com enxerto livre de tendão semitendíneo. Após acompanhamento mínimo de 24 meses, 22 pacientes foram avaliados pelos protocolos clínicos de Kujala e de Lysholm. RESULTADOS: O seguimento médio foi de 26,2 meses. Segundo o protocolo de Lysholm, os pacientes apresentaram pontuação média de 53,72 pontos no pré-operatório e 93,36 pontos no pós-operatório (p = 0,000006). Pelo protocolo de Kujala, a pontuação média foi 59,81 pontos no préoperatório e 83,54 pontos no pós-operatório (p = 0,002173). CONCLUSÃO: A reconstrução do ligamento patelofemoral medial pela técnica proposta mostrou excelentes resultados no curto prazo, quando avaliada por protocolos clínicos.

OBJECTIVE: To present a new technique for reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation and to evaluate the clinical findings from this. METHODS: Between January 2007 and January 2008, 23 patients underwent reconstruction of the MPFL with a free graft from the semitendinosus tendon. After a minimum of 244 months of follow-up, 22 patients were evaluated using the Kujala and Lysholm clinical protocols. RESULTS: The mean follow up was 26.2 months. According to the Lysholm protocol, the patients had a mean score of 53.72 points preoperatively and 93.36 points postoperatively (p = 0.000006). According to the Kujala protocol, the mean score was 59.81 points preoperatively and 83.54 points postoperatively (p = 0.002173). CONCLUSION: Reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament using the proposed technique showed excellent results over the short term, when evaluated by means of clinical protocols.

PERI-INCISIONAL DYSESTHESIA FOLLOWING ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION USING CENTRAL THIRD OF PATELLAR TENDON.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and type of dysesthesia around the incision used to obtain the patellar tendon for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery. METHODS: Out of a population of 1368 ACL reconstructions using the central third of the patellar tendon, 102 patients (111 knees) were evaluated by means of telephone interview. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 52 months (ranging from 12 to 88 months). The patients' ages ranged from 16 to 58 years (mean: 34.7 years). There was some degree of peri-incisional dysesthesia in 66 knees (59.46%). In 40.54% of the knees, this condition was not found. In all the cases of dysesthesia, the type encountered was Highet's type II. CONCLUSION: Peri-incisional dysesthesia following ACL reconstruction using the central third of the patellar tendon is highly prevalent. It affected more than half of the cases in this series.

FEMORAL ROLL BACK IN TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY: COMPARISON BETWEEN PROSTHESES THAT PRESERVE AND SACRIFICE THE POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT.

UNLABELLED: To compare the rollback of the contact point between the femoral component and the tibial polyethylene as the knee is flexed, in two types of total knee arthroplasty: one that sacrifices and the other that preserves the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). METHODS: Under fluoroscopy, 36 knees from 32 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty were evaluated. Using lateral images, the contact points between the femur and the tibial polyethylene with the knee in complete extension and at 90° of flexion were measured, thereby measuring the percentage rollback of the femur in arthroplasties in which the PCL was sacrificed and in those in which it was preserved. RESULTS: The mean percentage rollback of the femur was 13.24% in the cases in which the PCL was sacrificed and 5.75% in the cases in which it was preserved. The difference between these measurements was statistically significant (p = 0.026615). CONCLUSION: In total knee arthroplasty, sacrificing the PCL increased the rollback of the contact point between the femur and tibia as the knee was flexed up to 90°.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PATELLAR HEIGHT AND RANGE OF MOTION AFTER TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY.

UNLABELLED: To evaluate whether, after total knee arthroplasty, there is any correlation between patellar height and range of motion (ROM) achieved by patients six months after the operation. METHODS: Forty-five patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty were assessed at least 12 months after the operation (total of 54 knees). The maximum and minimum ROM of all the knees was recorded under fluoroscopy, along with patellar height according to the Blackburne and Peel ratio. Two possible correlations were evaluated: patellar height and ROM; and patellar height and ROM variation from before to after the operation. RESULTS: A correlation was found between patellar height and postoperative ROM (p = 0.04). There was no correlation between patellar height and ROM variation (p = 0.182). CONCLUSION: After total knee arthroplasty, the lower the patella is, the worse the ROM is.

Disestesia peri-incisional após reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior com terço central do tendão patelar / Peri-incisional dysesthesia following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using central third of patellar tendon

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência e o tipo de disestesia em torno da incisão utilizada para obtenção desse tendão na cirurgia de reconstrução do LCA. MÉTODOS: De uma população de 1.368 reconstruções do LCA com o terço central do tendão patelar, foram avaliados, por entrevista telefônica, 102 pacientes, totalizando 111 joelhos. RESULTADOS: O seguimento médio foi de 52 meses, variando entre 12 e 88 meses. A idade dos pacientes variou entre 16 e 58 anos, com média de 34,7 anos. Em 66 joelhos (59,46 por cento), houve algum grau de disestesia peri-incisional. Em 40,54 por cento dos joelhos, essa condição não foi encontrada. Em todos os casos de disestesia, o tipo encontrado foi o tipo II de Highet. CONCLUSÃO: A disestesia peri-incisional após a reconstrução do LCA com terço central do tendão patelar é muito prevalente, acometendo mais da metade dos casos nessa série.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and type of dysesthesia around the incision used to obtain the patellar tendon for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery. METHODS: Out of a population of 1368 ACL reconstructions using the central third of the patellar tendon, 102 patients (111 knees) were evaluated by means of telephone interview. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 52 months (ranging from 12 to 88 months). The patients' ages ranged from 16 to 58 years (mean: 34.7 years). There was some degree of peri-incisional dysesthesia in 66 knees (59.46 percent). In 40.54 percent of the knees, this condition was not found. In all the cases of dysesthesia, the type encountered was Highet's type II. CONCLUSION: Peri-incisional dysesthesia following ACL reconstruction using the central third of the patellar tendon is highly prevalent. It affected more than half of the cases in this series.

Relação entre altura da patela e amplitude de movimentos após a artroplastia total do joelho / Relationship between patellar height and range of motion after total knee arthroplasty

OBJETIVO: Avaliar se após a artroplastia total do joelho existe correlação entre a altura da patela e a amplitude de movimento (ADM) alcançada pelo paciente após seis meses de pós-operatório. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 45 pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total do joelho, todos com, no mínimo, 12 meses de pós-operatório, totalizando 54 joelhos. Sob fluoroscopia, todos os joelhos tiveram suas amplitudes de movimentos (ADM) máximas e mínimas registradas, bem como a altura da patela pelo índice de Blackburne e Peel. Foram avaliadas as duas correlações possíveis: relação entre altura da patela e ADM e altura da patela e a variação de ADM entre o pré e o pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Foi observada correlação entre altura da patela e ADM no pós-operatório (p = 0,04). Não foi observada correlação entre altura da patela e variação de ADM (p = 0,182). CONCLUSÃO: No pós-operatório da artroplastia total do joelho, quanto mais baixa a patela, pior a ADM.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether, after total knee arthroplasty, there is any correlation between patellar height and range of motion (ROM) achieved by patients six months after the operation. METHODS: Forty-five patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty were assessed at least 12 months after the operation (total of 54 knees). The maximum and minimum ROM of all the knees was recorded under fluoroscopy, along with patellar height according to the Blackburne and Peel ratio. Two possible correlations were evaluated: patellar height and ROM; and patellar height and ROM variation from before to after the operation. RESULTS: A correlation was found between patellar height and postoperative ROM (p = 0.04). There was no correlation between patellar height and ROM variation (p = 0.182). CONCLUSION: After total knee arthroplasty, the lower the patella is, the worse the ROM is.

Rolamento posterior do fêmur na artroplastia total do joelho: comparação entre as próteses com preservação e com sacrifício do ligamento cruzado posterior / Femoral roll back in total knee arthroplasty: comparison between prostheses that preserve and sacrifice the posterior cruciate ligament

OBJETIVO: Comparar a posteriorização do ponto de contato entre o componente femoral e o polietileno tibial à medida em que o joelho é fletido em dois tipos de artroplastia total do joelho, uma com sacrifício e outra com preservação do ligamento cruzado posterior (LCP). MÉTODOS: Foram analisados, sob fluoroscopia, 36 joelhos de 32 pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total do joelho. Analisando as imagens em perfil, foi medido o ponto de contato do fêmur com o polietileno tibial com o joelho em extensão completa e em 90 graus de flexão, mensurando-se o percentual de "rolamento" posterior do fêmur nas artroplastias em que o ligamento cruzado posterior (LCP) foi sacrificado e naquelas nas quais esse foi preservado. RESULTADOS: O percentual médio de posteriorização do fêmur foi de 13,24 por cento nos casos em que o LCP foi sacrificado e de 5,75 por cento nos casos em que esse foi preservado. A diferença entre essas medidas foi estatisticamente significativa, com p = 0,026615. CONCLUSÃO: Na artroplastia total do joelho, sacrificar o LCP aumenta a translação posterior do ponto de contato entre o fêmur e a tíbia à medida em que o joelho é flexionado até 90 graus.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the rollback of the contact point between the femoral component and the tibial polyethylene as the knee is flexed, in two types of total knee arthroplasty: one that sacrifices and the other that preserves the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). METHODS: Under fluoroscopy, 36 knees from 32 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty were evaluated. Using lateral images, the contact points between the femur and the tibial polyethylene with the knee in complete extension and at 90° of flexion were measured, thereby measuring the percentage rollback of the femur in arthroplasties in which the PCL was sacrificed and in those in which it was preserved. RESULTS: The mean percentage rollback of the femur was 13.24 percent in the cases in which the PCL was sacrificed and 5.75 percent in the cases in which it was preserved. The difference between these measurements was statistically significant (p = 0.026615). CONCLUSION: In total knee arthroplasty, sacrificing the PCL increased the rollback of the contact point between the femur and tibia as the knee was flexed up to 90°.

TOURNIQUET VERSUS NO TOURNIQUET USE IN KNEE VIDEOARTHROSCOPY: A MULTICENTRIC, PROSPECTIVE, DOUBLE-BLIND, RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL.

UNLABELLED: To evaluate whether, by using an arthropump (irrigation equipment with pressure sensor), pneumatic tourniquet use could interfere with the duration of surgery, recovery of movement and joint volume in patients who underwent knee videoarthroscopy for partial meniscectomy. METHODS: 103 patients divided randomly into two groups regarding use or nonuse of a pneumatic tourniquet were evaluated in five different centers by seven different surgeons. The variables were evaluated during the surgery and seven days after the operation. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found among any of the variables studied. CONCLUSION: There are no reasons that would either justify or discredit tourniquet use in this specific situation.

Uso ou não uso do torniquete na videoartroscopia do joelho: estudo clínico multicêntrico, prospectivo, duplo-cego e aleatório / Tourniquet versus no tourniquet use in knee videoarthroscopy: a multicentric, prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial

OBJETIVO: Avaliar se com o uso da artrobomba (equipo de irrigação com sensor de pressão), o uso do torniquete pneumático poderia interferir no tempo cirúrgico, na recuperação de movimentos e no volume articular em pacientes submetidos à videoartroscopia do joelho para meniscectomia parcial. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados em cinco diferentes centros e com sete diferentes cirurgiões, 103 pacientes divididos de forma aleatória em dois grupos quanto à utilização ou não do torniquete pneumático. As variáveis foram avaliadas durante a cirurgia e com sete dias de pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Não se encontrou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre nenhuma das variáveis estudadas. CONCLUSÃO: Não existem razões que justifiquem ou desabonem o uso do torniquete nessa situação específica.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if by using a pressure sensitive pump, tourniquet use could affect surgical time, range of motion recovery, and joint volume in patients who underwent knee arthroscopy for medial partial meniscectomy. METHODS: Two groups of 103 patients operated in five different centers by seven different surgeons were evaluated after a random selection to use or not use a pneumatic tourniquet. The variables were evaluated during surgery and seven days post-operation. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found among any of the variables studied. CONCLUSION: There is no reason to justify or disapprove tourniquet use in this specific situation.

Avaliação clínica de artroplastias totais de joelho com preservação e sacrifício do ligamento cruzado posterior / Clinical evaluation of total knee arthroplasties with posterior cruciate ligament retain and sacrifice

A artroplastia total do joelho (ATJ) pode ser realizada com preservação ou sacrifício do ligamento cruzado posterior (LCP). Os autores realizaram estudo prospectivo, aleatório e duplo-cego com 85 pacientes submetidos a ATJ. O LCP foi sacrificado em 49 pacientes e preservado em 36 pacientes. Os pacientes foram avaliados clinicamente pelo protocolo da Sociedade Internacional de Joelho (Knee society score ? KSS) no pré-operatório e após a cirurgia com seis semanas, três meses, seis meses e após um ano. O seguimento médio foi de 15,8 meses. Os autores encontraram melhora significante dos valores do KSS do pré-operatório até a avaliação de seis meses (p<0,001). O resultado se estabilizou a partir daí (p=0,718). Não houve diferença clínica entre os dois tipos de prótese em qualquer dos períodos avaliados.

Infecção por micobactéria após videoartroscopia: o glutaraldeído pode ser o culpado? Estudo experimental in vitro / Mycobacterial Infection after videoarthroscopy: could glutaraldehyde be the culprit? An in vitro experimental study

OBJETIVO: Os autores avaliaram in vitro o poder de degermação do glutaraldeído a 2,2 por cento por 30 minutos, nas lâminas de shaver de 3,2mm de diâmetro, usadas em videoartroscopias. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizadas 40 lâminas, de 3,2mm, subdivididas em quatro grupos. Grupo I: 10 lâminas esterilizadas em óxido de etileno foram colocadas de forma estéril no meio de cultura Brain-heart infusion (BHI). Grupo II: 10 lâminas esterilizadas em óxido de etileno foram deliberadamente contaminadas pelas bactérias Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis e Mycobacterium fortuitum e posteriormente colocadas no meio de cultura BHI. Grupo III: 10 lâminas esterilizadas em óxido de etileno foram contaminadas pelas mesmas bactérias e posteriormente imersas por 30 minutos em glutaraldeído e, após limpeza com soro fisiológico, colocadas no meio de cultura. Grupo IV: 10 lâminas esterilizadas em óxido de etileno foram utilizadas em artroscopias, posteriormente lavadas e imersas em glutaraldeído, também colocadas em meio de cultura. Nos meios onde houve crescimento bacteriano, este foi verificado em 72 horas de incubação, sendo esse tempo prolongado para sete dias para recuperação da micobactéria. RESULTADOS: Não houve crescimento de germes nos meios de cultura dos grupos I, III e IV, mas houve crescimento em todas as amostras do grupo II. CONCLUSÃO: A solução de glutaraldeído a 2,2 por cento, dentro do prazo de validade, utilizada por 30 minutos, mostrou-se eficaz, in vitro, na degermação de lâminas de shaver de 3,2mm de diâmetro, mesmo quando deliberadamente contaminadas por micobactéria de crescimento rápido.

OBJECTIVE: The authors made an in vitro assessment of the degermation power of 2.2 percent glutaraldehyde for 30 minutes in 3.2 mm diameter shaver blades used in videoarthroscopy. METHODS: 40 3.2 mm blades were used after being subdivided into four groups: Group I - 10 blades sterilized with ethylene oxide were placed in sterile state in a Brain-heart infusion (BHI) culture medium; Group II - ten blades sterilized with ethylene oxide were deliberately contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, and Mycobacterium fortuitum and later placed in a BHI culture medium; Group III - 10 blades sterilized with ethylene oxide were contaminated by the same bacteria and later immersed in glutaraldehyde for 30 minutes, and after they were cleaned with saline solution, they were placed in the culture medium; Group IV - 10 blades sterilized with ethylene oxide were used in arthroscopic procedures , then washed an immersed in glutaraldehyde, and also placed in the culture medium. In the media were bacterial growth did occur, such growth was seen within 72 hours of incubation, such period being extended to seven days to retrieve mycobacteria. RESULTS: There was no germ growth in the culture media of Groups I, III, and IV, but bacteria grew in all samples of Group II. CONCLUSION: The 2.2 percent glutaraldehyde solution, within the validity period, used for 30 minutes, showed to be effective "in vitro", in the degermation of 3.2 mm Shaver blades even when they were deliberately contaminated by fast-growing mycobacteria.

Alinhamento rotacional do componente femoral na artroplastia total do joelho / Femoral rotational alignment in total knee arthroplasty

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficiência dos guias de orientação rotacional utilizados na realização da artroplastia total do joelho. Avaliar a possível correlação entre o eixo anatômico pré-operatório e a capacidade do guia em posicionar corretamente o componente. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 64 artroplastias confrontando a orientação sugerida pelo guia com aquela mostrada pela linha de Whiteside. Os casos de divergência foram registrados e confrontados com o eixo anatômico pré-operatório. RESULTADO: Não houve divergências entre o alinhamento rotacional medido pelos dois métodos nos joelhos alinhados e naqueles com alinhamento em varo. Foram encontradas divergências entre o alinhamento rotacional sugerido pelo guia e aquele mostrado pela linha de Whiteside em sete dos 64 joelhos (10,93 por cento). Em todos os pacientes com discrepância, o alinhamento pré-operatório era valgo. CONCLUSÃO: Os guias de orientação rotacional do componente femoral na artroplastia total do joelho mostraram-se coincidentes com a orientação obtida pela linha de Whiteside nos joelhos com eixo anatômico em varo e naqueles alinhados. Nos joelhos com eixo anatômico em valgo, a referência dos guias não se mostrou coincidente com aquela sugerida pela mesma linha.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficiency of rotational wire guides used to perform total knee arthroplasty. To evaluate the possible correlation between the preoperative anatomic axis and the capacity of the wire guide to properly position the component. METHODS: 64 arthroplasties were evaluated by comparing the position suggested by the wire guide to the position shown by the Whiteside line. Discrepant cases were registered and compared to the preoperative anatomic axis. RESULT: No discrepancies were found between the rotational alignment measured by the two methods in aligned knees and knees with varus alignment. Discrepancies were found between the rotational alignment suggested by the wire guide and the alignment shown by the Whiteside line in seven of the 64 knees (10.93 percent). In all patients that showed discrepancy, the preoperative alignment was valgus. CONCLUSION: Rotational wire guides of the femoral component in total knee arthroplasty do coincide with the position achieved by the Whiteside line in knees whose anatomic axis is varus and in aligned knees. In valgus knees, the reference of the wire guides did not coincide with the position suggested by the said line.

Bupivacaína, epinefrina e morfina na analgesia pós-artroplastia total do joelho / Bupivacaine, epinephrine, and morphine for post-total knee arthroplasty analgesia

Objetivo: Avaliar analgesia e sangramento pós-operatório após injeção intra-articular de bupivacaína, epinefrina e morfina em pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total do joelho. Métodos: Foram avaliados 60 pacientes divididos de forma aleatória em três grupos. No grupo 1 foi injetada na ferida cirúrgica solução de soro fIsiológico a 0,9% após o fechamento da artrotomia. No grupo 2 a injeção foi de 5mg de morfina associada a 20ml de bupivacaína a 0,5 % com epinefrina. Em ambos os grupos, dois terços da mistura foram injetados nas partes moles e o terço restante, dentro da articulação. No terceiro grupo a raquianestesia foi realizada com a mesma dosagem de bupivacaína dos demais grupos, contudo, acrescida de 200 microgramas de morfina. Foram avaliados dor, sangramento, índices hematimétricos e efeitos colaterais nos três grupos. Resultados: Não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os dois primeiros grupos em nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. Com 12 horas de pós-operatório,a avaliação da dor pela escala visual analógica mostrou-se signillcativamente menor no grupo 3 quando comparado com o grupo 1. Conclusão: A injeção intra-articular e periincisão de bupivacaína, morfina e epinefrina após artroplastia total do joelho mostrou-se inefIcaz na redução da dor e do sangramento pós-operatório.